These Tools & Techniques are a consolidation of many years of experience and hard work. Wherever possible we have traced the originator of the ideas and concepts, and duly acknowledged. However, many of these Tools & Techniques have been used in industry, taught in business schools in one form or another, for so long that tracing the original source has been a fruitless task. We would like to thank all of the people who designed and developed the concepts behind these Tools & Techniques and in particular those who it has been impossible to trace and officially acknowledge.